Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are radical and non-radical oxygen species produced by the partial reduction of oxygen, including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•). Endogenous ROS are produced by cells during their normal oxidative metabolism in the mitochondria as well as when they react to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.
By directly inhibiting MAPK phosphatases, ROS also activates MAPK pathways. Through PTEN, ROS produced by growth factor stimulation are capable of reversibly controlling the redox state of the PI3K pathway. The cellular response to ROS may involve the activation of autophagy.
Structure | Cat No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Product Description |
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V72909 | Crocin-4 | 55750-86-2 | Crocin-4, a carotenoid, is a potent and BBB (blood-brain barrier) permeable (penetrable) antioxidant. |
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V33429 | CycLuc1 | 1247879-16-8 | CycLuc1,a synthetic luciferase substrate, is a brain penetrant luciferase substrate which displays NIR emission. |
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V72907 | CYPMPO | 934182-09-9 | CYPMPO is a spin trapping agent. |
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V72915 | D-Isofloridoside | 23202-76-8 | D-Isofloridoside is one of the polysaccharide precursors and has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9. |
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V72946 | Danshenol A (danshenol A) | 189308-08-5 | Danshenol A is a rosin diterpenoid and an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor (antagonist) with IC50 of 0.1 μM. |
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V72917 | Dehydrocurdione | 38230-32-9 | Dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene, induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidant enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. |
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V87374 | DHODH-IN-26 | DHODH-IN-26 (compound B2) is a mitochondrial-targeted DHODH inhibitor. | |
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V90053 | Dichlorofluorescein | 2320-96-9 | Dichlorofluorescein is a fluorescent dye used in many scientific experiments and applications. |
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V106557 | Dihexyl phthalate | 84-75-3 | Diethyl phthalate is one of the commonly used phthalates in various plastics and consumer products. |
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V72925 | Dihydromyristicin | 52811-28-6 | Dihydromyristicin is a plant flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory activities. |
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V104730 | DIM-C-pPhtBu | 94944-80-6 | DIM-C-pPhtBu is an orally active ER stress activator. |
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V86717 | Diquafosol | 59985-21-6 | Diquafosol (INS365 free base) is a potent P2Y2 agonist. |
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V20134 | DMNQ | 6956-96-3 | DMNQ is a redox cycling agent. |
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V72880 | DMPO | 3317-61-1 | DMPO is a cell-penetrating/penetrable hydrophilic spin trap for superoxide detection. |
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V106969 | DPPD-Q | 3421-08-7 | DPPD-Q is an antioxidant, an oxidized derivative of the substituted p-phenylenediamine DPPD, found in tire wear particles and rubber crumbs, PM2.5 particulate matter (PM2.5), and sewage influent and effluent. |
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V72933 | Efaproxiral-d6 (Efaproxiral-d6) | 1246815-16-6 | Efaproxiral-d6 is the deuterated form of Efaproxiral. |
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V100261 | EGFR-IN-119 | EGFR-IN-119 (Compound 5l) is an inhibitor of EGFR with IC50 of 84.3 nM. | |
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V72929 | Euparin (Zelanin) | 532-48-9 | Euparin is a monomer compound of benzofuran and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. |
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V91019 | Exserohilone | 99572-22-2 | Exserohilone ((-)-Exserohilone) is a thiodiketopiperazine derivative that inhibits TNF-α-induced ROS generation and MMP-1 secretion. |
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V72882 | Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate; Zerenex) | 3522-50-7 | Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally bioactive iron supplement, is a potent phosphate binder. |